Implication of core beliefs about negative-self in neuroticism

Abstract

Objective: Core beliefs about negative-self are beliefs about self-deficiencies in basic aspects of human adaptation. Meanwhile, neuroticism is a personality trait characterised by negative emotionality, i.e., a tendency to react to stress with negative emotions. The present study tested the hypothesis that core beliefs about negative-self are implicated in neuroticism.

Methods: The subjects were 309 Japanese healthy volunteers. Core beliefs about negative-self were evaluated by the Brief Core Schema Scales, and neuroticism was evaluated by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised.

Results: In both multiple regression analysis and structural equation modelling, higher neuroticism was strongly predicted by higher levels of core beliefs about negative-self.

Limitations: The present study cannot determine the causal relationship between core beliefs about negative-self and neuroticism, because of its cross sectional design.

Conclusions: The present study suggests that core beliefs about negative-self are deeply implicated in neuroticism.

• Key Points

• Implication of core beliefs about negative-self in neuroticism was examined.

• Neuroticism was predicted by higher levels of these core beliefs.

• These core beliefs may be involved in negative emotionality of neuroticism.

     

超声引导下空芯针穿刺活检诊断的乳腺导管原位癌病理学低估的危险因素分析

背景与目的：由于存在病理学低估，乳腺导管原位癌（ductal carcinoma in situ，DCIS）是否需要行腋窝前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB）仍有争议。通过回顾性分析，探索超声引导下空芯针穿刺活检（core needle biopsy，CNB）诊断的DCIS出现病理学低估的危险因素，探讨穿刺病理学诊断为单纯DCIS的患者免除腋窝SLNB的可能性。方法：选取2005年3月—2014年10月北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所乳腺癌预防治疗中心收治的符合以下条件的乳腺癌病例纳入研究：女性；超声引导下CNB诊断为乳腺DCIS（含微浸润）；腋窝淋巴结临床阴性；接受规范的手术、放疗或全身系统性治疗。统计患者的临床病理学特征，采用χ ² 检验或Fisher精确概率法进行临床病理学特征与病理学低估比例的相关性分析，采用logistic回归探索病理学低估可能的危险因素。结果：研究纳入单纯DCIS、DCIS伴微浸润和DCIS可疑微浸润分别360、63和31例。单纯DCIS术后病理未升级占56.4%，升级为微浸润癌和浸润癌分别为21.7%和21.9%；后两组术后病理学诊断为微浸润癌的比例为30.2%和35.5%，浸润癌的比例为66.7%和61.3%，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。肿瘤＞3 cm和核分级高发生病理学低估的风险，分别是肿瘤≤3 cm和核分级中低的1.97倍（95% CI：1.17~3.32，P=0.011）和2.30倍（95% CI：1.34~3.98，P=0.003），而人表皮生长因子受体2（human epidemal growth factor receptor 2，HER2）不确定（OR=0.37，95% CI：0.19~0.72，P=0.003）和阳性（OR=0.38，95% CI：0.20~0.73，P=0.004）发生病理学低估的风险低于HER2阴性，差异有统计学意义。肿瘤>3 cm、核分级高、HER2阳性的CNB单纯原位癌的病理学低估比例最高，为73.1%；肿瘤>3 cm、核分级高、HER2不确定的病理学低估比例最低，为11.9%。结论：超声引导下CNB诊断的DCIS伴微浸润或DCIS可疑微浸润病理学低估的比例远高于单纯DCIS，二者不能免除SLNB。肿瘤＞3 cm、核分级高和HER2阴性是术前单纯DCIS出现病理学低估可能的危险因素，单纯DCIS仍需行腋窝SLNB。     

U.S. initiatives to strengthen forensic science & international standards in forensic DNA

A number of initiatives are underway in the United States in response to the 2009 critique of forensic science by a National Academy of Sciences committee. This article provides a broad review of activities including efforts of the White House National Science and Technology Council Subcommittee on Forensic Science and a partnership between the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to create the National Commission on Forensic Science and the Organization of Scientific Area Committees. These initiatives are seeking to improve policies and practices of forensic science. Efforts to fund research activities and aid technology transition and training in forensic science are also covered.The second portion of the article reviews standards in place or in development around the world for forensic DNA. Documentary standards are used to help define written procedures to perform testing. Physical standards serve as reference materials for calibration and traceability purposes when testing is performed. Both documentary and physical standards enable reliable data comparison, and standard data formats and common markers or testing regions are crucial for effective data sharing. Core DNA markers provide a common framework and currency for constructing DNA databases with compatible data. Recent developments in expanding core DNA markers in Europe and the United States are discussed.     

Recognition of core-derived epitopes from a novel HBV-targeted immunotherapeutic by T-cells from patients infected by different viral genotypes

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects millions of people worldwide and is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current therapies based on nucleos(t)ide analogs or pegylated-interferon-α lead to control of viral replication in most patients but rarely achieve cure. A potential strategy to control chronic hepatitis B is to restore or induce functional anti-HBV T-cell immune responses using HBV-specific immunotherapeutics. However, viral diversity is a challenge to the development of this class of products as HBV genotypes display a sequence diversity of up to 8%. We have developed a novel HBV-targeted immunotherapeutic, TG1050, based on a non-replicative Adenovirus vector encoding a unique and large fusion protein composed of multiple antigenic regions derived from a HBV genotype D sequence. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 23 patients chronically infected by five distinct genotypes (gt A, B, C, D and E) and various sets of peptides encompassing conserved versus divergent regions of HBV core we have measured ability of TG1050 genotype D core-derived peptides to be recognized by T-cells from patients infected by various genotypes. Overall, PBMCs from 78% of genotype B or C- and 100% genotype A or E-infected patients lead to detection of HBV core-specific T-cells recognizing genotype D antigenic domains located both in conserved and variable regions. This proof-of-concept study supports the clinical development of TG1050 in large patient populations independently of infecting genotypes.     

Event centrality influences posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via core beliefs in internally displaced older adults

Objectives: There is substantial evidence regarding the role of event centrality (EC) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, but little research has examined the explanatory pathways linking EC with PTSD symptoms severity. The present study examined whether core beliefs (CB) mediates the relationship between EC and PTSD symptoms in internally displaced older adults.

Method: Internally displaced older adults (N = 279; mean age = 62 years) sheltered in two camps located in north-central Nigeria, completed Tiv language versions of self-report measures, namely, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, the Centrality of Event Scale, Core Beliefs Inventory, and provided relevant demographic information.

Results: Analysis indicated that EC and CB were linked to greater PTSD symptoms as well as re-experiencing/intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms severity. The mediator path was significant which implies that CB was a pathway through which EC influences PTSD symptoms clusters and overall PTSD symptomatology.

Conclusion: A traumatic event becoming more central in a person's identity and life story distorts entrenched beliefs about oneself, others and the world, thereby resulting in greater PTSD symptoms. Our findings suggest that considerations of disrupted world assumptions may be a salient target for prevention and treatment efforts.     

Mammographically Occult Asymptomatic Radial Scars/Complex Sclerosing Lesions at Ultrasonography-Guided Core Needle Biopsy: Follow-Up Can Be Recommended

An increasing number of radial scars are detected by ultrasound (US), but their management is controversial. This study investigated the upgrade rate in mammographically occult radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions without epithelial atypia at US-guided 14-gauge core needle biopsy in asymptomatic patients. Nineteen mammographically occult benign radial scars/complex sclerosing lesions (median size, 7 mm; range, 3–23 mm) were included. Patients underwent surgical excision (n = 10) or vacuum-assisted excision, with follow-up US at least 6 mo after benign vacuum-assisted excision results (n = 8), or underwent US follow-up for 2 y after core needle biopsy (n = 1). Any cases with change in diagnosis to high-risk lesions or malignancy at excision were considered upgrades. The upgrade rate was 0.0%. Based on US findings, 15.8% (3/19) were Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3, 68.4% (13/19) were BI-RADS category 4a and 15.8% (3/19) were BI-RADS category 4b. Follow-up with US can be considered for mammographically occult benign radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions diagnosed by US core needle biopsy in asymptomatic patients.     

Lack of definitive presurgical pathological diagnosis is associated with inadequate surgical margins in breast-conserving surgery

PurposeTo determine the impact of definitive presurgical diagnosis on surgical margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for primary carcinomas; clinicopathological features were also analyzed.MethodsThis retrospective study included women who underwent BCS for primary carcinomas in 2016 and 2017. Definitive presurgical diagnosis was defined as having a presurgical core needle biopsy (CNB) and not being upstaged between biopsy and surgery. Biopsy data and imaging findings including breast density were retrieved. Inadequate surgical margins (IM) were defined per latest ASCO and ASTRO guidelines. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.Results360 women (median age, 66) met inclusion criteria with 1 having 2 cancers. 82.5% (298/361) were invasive cancers while 17.5% (63/361) were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Most biopsies were US-guided (284/346, 82.0%), followed by mammographic (60/346, 17.3%), and MRI-guided (2/346, 0.6%). US and mammographic CNB yielded median samples of 2 and 4, respectively, with a 14G needle. 15 patients (4.2%) lacked presurgical CNB. The IM rate was 30.0%. In multivariable analysis, large invasive cancers (>20 mm), dense breasts, and DCIS were associated with IM (p = 0.029, p = 0.010, and p = 0.013, respectively). Most importantly, lack of definitive presurgical diagnosis was a risk factor for IM (OR, 2.35; 95% CI: 1.23–4.51, p = 0.010). In contrast, neither patient age (<50) nor aggressive features (e.g., LVI) were associated with IM.ConclusionLack of a definitive presurgical diagnosis was associated with a two-fold increase of IM in BCS; other risk factors were dense breasts, large invasive cancers, and DCIS.     

5例乳腺放射状瘢痕患者的影像学表现

目的研究乳腺放射状瘢痕患者的影像学表现,以减少乳腺放射状瘢痕的误诊率和及早发现乳腺放射状瘢痕患者。方法采用病理活检和免疫组化方法来确诊5例乳腺放射状瘢痕患者,并分析乳腺放射状瘢痕的病理学表现,以研究其X线和MRI影像学表现。结果乳腺放射状瘢痕病灶呈放射状,弹力纤维变性,乳腺导管小而不规则,伴有不同程度的增生。免疫组化表明calponin分布细胞膜,腺体周围有腺上皮细胞。5例乳腺放射状瘢痕患者X线显示,癌灶周围可有钙化灶或小结节,结节周围有毛刺影。MRI中,呈类圆形结节,边缘模糊,呈等T1长T2信号,增强扫描结节呈不均匀强化。结论乳腺放射状瘢痕缺乏特异性影像学表现,但结合多种影像学改变有助于早期发现病灶。